--- title: "United States v. Shields" citation: "48 F.4th 183 (3d Cir. 2022)" authority_id: "AUTH-CA3-SHIELDS-48-F4TH-183" authority_type: "case" jurisdiction: "federal_third_circuit" precedential_status: "binding_in_ca3" official_url: "https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/192717p.pdf" url: "https://jason93.com/legal/federal-process/authorities/AUTH-CA3-SHIELDS-48-F4TH-183/" legal_review: "2026-08-25" links_checked: "2026-10-15" links_available: 1 links_checked_count: 1 license: "CC BY 4.0" --- # United States v. Shields ## Holdings used - Section 404 does not itself require an in-person or plenary hearing, but a defendant must receive a reasonable opportunity to present written sentencing arguments and the court must provide a reviewable explanation. ## Material limitation Binding only in the Third Circuit and only for the bounded procedural postures in the linked claims. Official published precedential opinion reviewed. The procedural error was tied to the combined denial of a hearing and the requested opportunity for written sentencing submissions in that record. A comprehensive commercial citator was not run. ## Official source and pinpoints 48 F.4th 183 (3d Cir. 2022), 48 F.4th 195–202: ## Linked claims - `CLM-CIR3-003` ## Used in - [Third Circuit Overlay](https://jason93.com/legal/federal-process/modules/95-circuit-overlays/third-circuit.md)