--- title: "United States v. Keller" citation: "2 F.4th 1278 (9th Cir. 2021)" authority_id: "AUTH-CA9-KELLER-2-F4TH-1278" authority_type: "case" jurisdiction: "federal_ninth_circuit" precedential_status: "binding_in_ca9" official_url: "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2021/07/01/20-50247.pdf" url: "https://jason93.com/legal/federal-process/authorities/AUTH-CA9-KELLER-2-F4TH-1278/" legal_review: "2026-08-25" links_checked: "2026-10-15" links_available: 1 links_checked_count: 1 license: "CC BY 4.0" --- # United States v. Keller ## Holdings used - The filing prerequisite is mandatory when invoked; a changed-circumstances renewed motion required a new qualifying BOP request, and the defect was not cured by 30 days passing during pendency. ## Material limitation Binding only in the Ninth Circuit and only for the bounded procedural postures in the linked claims. Official published opinion and public full-text mirror reviewed. The renewed-motion holding is tied to changed circumstances and is not generalized into universal issue exhaustion. A comprehensive commercial citator was not run. ## Official source and pinpoints 2 F.4th 1278 (9th Cir. 2021), 2 F.4th 1281–84: ## Linked claims - `CLM-CIR9-006` ## Used in - [Ninth Circuit Overlay](https://jason93.com/legal/federal-process/modules/95-circuit-overlays/ninth-circuit.md)